Native plants are essential for supporting wildlife by providing food, shelter, and maintaining ecosystems. Here's a quick overview of the top 10 plants that benefit wildlife year-round:
- Oak Trees: Produce acorns and host insects, feeding birds, deer, and mammals.
- Serviceberry: Early-season berries for birds and small animals.
- Pine Trees: Evergreen seeds and shelter, crucial in winter.
- Wild Rice: Aquatic food for waterfowl during migration.
- Hickory Trees: Nutrient-rich nuts for mammals and birds.
- Maple Trees: Seeds, buds, and shelter for wildlife year-round.
- Persimmon: High-energy fruit for animals in fall and winter.
- Juniper: Berries and shelter, especially in winter.
- Huckleberry: Late-summer berries for birds and mammals.
- Sumac: Long-lasting berries for winter survival.
Quick Comparison Table
| Plant | Key Benefit | Season Most Useful |
|---|---|---|
| Oak Trees | Acorns, insect hosts | Fall, Winter |
| Serviceberry | Early-season berries | Spring, Early Summer |
| Pine Trees | Seeds, evergreen shelter | Year-round |
| Wild Rice | Energy-rich aquatic food | Late Summer, Fall |
| Hickory Trees | Protein-packed nuts | Fall, Winter |
| Maple Trees | Seeds, buds, shelter | Year-round |
| Persimmon | High-energy fruit | Fall, Winter |
| Juniper | Berries, evergreen cover | Year-round |
| Huckleberry | Nutrient-packed berries | Late Summer, Fall |
| Sumac | Long-lasting berries | Fall, Winter |
These plants not only sustain wildlife but also improve soil, reduce erosion, and need minimal maintenance. Group them in layers (trees, shrubs, and ground plants) for a thriving habitat. Start with native species suited to your area for the best results.
Native Keystone Plants for Wildlife
1. Oak Trees (Quercus spp.)
Oak trees are a powerhouse for wildlife, producing up to 10,000 acorns each year. These acorns are a lifeline for animals like white-tailed deer, black bears, woodpeckers, and blue jays, especially during fall and winter when food is harder to find. Animals use them to build essential fat reserves to get through the colder months [3][4][5].
Oaks also play a huge role in supporting ecosystems. They host hundreds of insect species, which in turn feed birds and other animals, making them key players in maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem balance [4][5]. Their role in the environment makes them a must-have for anyone aiming to create a wildlife-friendly landscape.
| Wildlife Benefits | Ecosystem Contributions |
|---|---|
| Acorns feed deer, bears, birds | Hosts insects that feed wildlife |
| Seasonal food source | Boosts biodiversity |
Native oak species are especially important for wildlife. Since they've evolved alongside local animals, they provide the perfect food and habitat. If you're planting oaks, go for species that are native to your area to make the biggest impact [4].
"Oak trees are among the most ecologically important plants in many ecosystems, providing a high-calorie food source that is rich in nutrients. They are often considered a keystone species, meaning they play a disproportionate role in maintaining the structure and function of their ecosystems" [4][5].
To ensure your oak trees thrive and benefit wildlife, skip the pesticides and stick to proper pruning methods. While oaks are unmatched in their value, plants like serviceberries can also provide critical resources for other species.
2. Serviceberry (Amelanchier spp.)
Serviceberry plays a key role in supporting wildlife from late spring to early summer, a period when many young animals need food the most. These native plants produce berries packed with nutrients, attracting species like robins, cedar waxwings, and small mammals [1][3].
What makes serviceberry especially helpful is its timing. While many plants bear fruit later in the season, serviceberry produces its fruit early, filling a crucial food gap between spring and late summer [3].
| Season & Benefits | Ecosystem Role |
|---|---|
| Spring: Early blooms for pollinators | Offers nectar early in the season |
| Early Summer: Berries for birds and mammals | Supplies food when other fruits are unavailable |
Species such as Downy Serviceberry (Amelanchier arborea) and Shadblow Serviceberry (Amelanchier canadensis) are particularly effective in supporting wildlife [3].
Beyond food, serviceberry contributes to ecosystems by offering shelter for birds and attracting pollinators [2][5]. Its thick branches provide nesting spots and cover, making it an excellent choice for wildlife-friendly areas.
For the best results, plant serviceberry without using chemicals. Including a variety of plants in your landscape ensures food is available for wildlife throughout the year.
While serviceberries provide essential early-season resources, species like pine trees offer consistent support for wildlife year-round.
3. Pine Trees (Pinus spp.)
Pine trees are essential for wildlife, especially in winter when resources are scarce. Their evergreen nature ensures they provide consistent support year-round, offering both food and shelter during harsh conditions [1][4].
The seeds from pine trees are packed with proteins and fats, making them an important winter food for birds like pine siskins and crossbills, as well as small mammals such as squirrels. Research indicates that some bird species rely on pine seeds for up to 90% of their diet during winter months [1].
| Wildlife Group | Benefits from Pine Trees |
|---|---|
| Birds & Mammals | Seeds serve as food; canopy offers shelter |
| Insects | Feed on tree parts, supporting ecosystems |
Beyond food, pine trees provide dense evergreen canopies that shelter birds and small mammals throughout the year. Their roots also help stabilize soil, reducing erosion [2][4].
Unlike deciduous trees, pines maintain their support system regardless of the season. When adding pine trees to your landscape, plan for their mature size and check soil compatibility to ensure healthy growth over time [2][3].
4. Wild Rice (Zizania spp.)
Wild rice, a type of aquatic grass native to North America, serves as an important energy source for wildlife, particularly waterfowl, during their migrations in late summer and early fall [1][3].
This plant can make up as much as 50% of the diet for migrating waterfowl in the fall [2]. Beyond its role as a food source, wild rice helps stabilize sediments, improves water quality, and provides habitats for aquatic species, promoting a diverse ecosystem [2][4].
| Wildlife Benefits | Ecosystem Contributions |
|---|---|
| Energy-rich food for waterfowl | Stabilizes sediments |
| Vital for migration periods | Enhances water quality |
| Winter food for mammals | Supports aquatic habitats |
Unlike land-based plants, wild rice thrives in aquatic settings. It grows best in shallow waters with nutrient-rich soil, sufficient depth, and plenty of sunlight. Its presence not only strengthens sediment stability but also supports water quality and provides shelter for various species [3][4].
Adding wild rice to your landscape can benefit aquatic species while complementing plants that support land-based wildlife. To establish wild rice successfully, focus on maintaining appropriate water levels and avoid pesticides that could harm visiting animals [3][4].
"Studies show wild rice increases bird diversity and abundance in wetlands [1][3]."
While wild rice plays a key role in supporting wetland ecosystems and waterfowl, hickory trees are just as important for sustaining wildlife on land.
5. Hickory Trees (Carya spp.)
Hickory trees play a vital role in supporting wildlife by producing nutrient-packed nuts that help animals survive tough seasons. These nuts, rich in proteins, fats, and carbohydrates, are an essential energy source for animals like deer, bears, woodpeckers, and blue jays as they prepare for winter [1][3].
| Wildlife Group | How Hickory Trees Help |
|---|---|
| Mammals | Energy-dense nuts aid in winter survival |
| Birds | Reliable food source and nesting spots |
| Insects | Bark and leaves support various species |
| Small Animals | Shelter and places to store food |
In addition to food, hickory trees provide excellent habitats. Their canopies offer shelter for birds, while their roots help prevent soil erosion and improve soil stability [2][4]. Once established, these trees grow well without the use of pesticides, which could harm helpful species.
When planting hickory trees, keep their mature size in mind and select a location with enough space for them to grow fully. These long-lived trees can benefit wildlife for generations, making them a great choice for enhancing your local ecosystem [4].
Hickory trees are as essential to forest ecosystems as maple trees, which also serve as key providers of food and shelter for wildlife.
6. Maple Trees (Acer spp.)
Maple trees are a reliable source of food and shelter for wildlife throughout the year. Their seeds, buds, and leaves help sustain birds, squirrels, and insects, especially during food shortages in fall and spring [1][3]. The branches of these trees also provide nesting spots and protection from predators.
| Season | Wildlife Benefits | Primary Consumers |
|---|---|---|
| Spring | Fresh buds and early seeds | Birds, squirrels |
| Summer | Leaves and shelter | Insects, small mammals |
| Fall | Mature seeds (samaras) | Finches, sparrows, chipmunks |
| Winter | Stored seeds and bark | Ground-feeding birds, deer |
Two native species, the sugar maple (Acer saccharum) and red maple (Acer rubrum), play a key role in supporting local ecosystems. These trees produce nutrient-rich seeds that provide food for various bird species and small mammals across the seasons [1][3]. To ensure these trees remain a safe food source, it’s important to avoid using pesticides and chemical fertilizers [2][4].
Unlike hickory trees, which are more season-specific in their benefits, maple trees offer consistent support year-round. This makes them a great choice for maintaining wildlife in urban and suburban areas. Thrive Lot works with homeowners to add native maples to landscapes, focusing on strategic planting to maximize their benefits for local wildlife.
When choosing a maple tree, go for native species that naturally belong in your area. These trees have co-evolved with local wildlife, making them the best fit for supporting the ecosystem [2][4]. While maple trees provide steady resources throughout the year, persimmon trees shine in fall and winter by offering high-energy food for wildlife.
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7. Persimmon (Diospyros virginiana)
The American persimmon plays a key role in supporting wildlife, offering nutrient-rich fruits that help various species survive the harsh winter months [1][3].
| Season | Wildlife Benefits | Primary Consumers |
|---|---|---|
| Spring | Nectar, pollen | Bees, butterflies |
| Summer | Foliage, shelter | Birds, insects |
| Fall | Ripening fruit | Deer, foxes, raccoons |
| Winter | Persistent fruit | Opossums, birds |
In addition to its fruits, persimmons provide food and shelter throughout the year. In urban and suburban areas, where resources can be scarce, native persimmons serve as a critical food source. Their fruits, packed with sugars and nutrients, help animals store fat reserves needed to endure winter [1][3]. These trees are low-maintenance, naturally pest-resistant, and thrive in wildlife-friendly environments.
For best results, plant persimmons in groups. This setup mimics their natural growth patterns, enhances fruit production, and ensures the trees grow well in sunny, well-drained soil [2][4]. Keep in mind that persimmons need both male and female trees to bear fruit, so aim for one male tree for every 3-4 female trees.
While many plants offer resources year-round, persimmons are especially valuable in late fall and winter when their high-energy fruits are most needed. For consistent wildlife support throughout the year, junipers also complement persimmons with their berries and evergreen foliage.
8. Juniper (Juniperus spp.)
Juniper, including species like Eastern red cedar (Juniperus virginiana) and Rocky Mountain juniper (Juniperus scopulorum), provides crucial support for wildlife throughout the year, especially in winter when food is scarce [1][6].
| Season | Wildlife Benefits | Supporting Species |
|---|---|---|
| Winter | Berries, shelter | Cedar waxwings, American robins |
| Spring | Nesting sites, insects | Songbirds, pollinators |
| Summer | Dense cover, forage | Deer, rabbits |
| Fall | Berries, protection | Small mammals, birds |
Its evergreen foliage offers constant shelter, while the berries are a vital food source during colder months [1][6]. Juniper grows well in various soil types, requires minimal maintenance, and provides consistent support for wildlife [3].
For the best results, plant junipers in clusters or as part of mixed wildlife hedges. This setup not only provides safe corridors for animals but also ensures easy access to food and shelter. Junipers pair well with deciduous plants like persimmons, creating a balanced environment for year-round wildlife support [3][6].
When planting, choose a sunny location and allow enough space for growth. Since juniper species vary in size, select one that matches your available space and the needs of local wildlife. Consulting local landscaping experts can help you pick the right variety for your area [3].
While junipers are a lifeline for winter wildlife, other plants, like huckleberries, play a key role by offering summer fruits that attract a wide range of animals.
9. Huckleberry (Gaylussacia spp.)
Huckleberries produce berries packed with nutrients in late summer and early fall, offering essential food for wildlife like grouse, turkeys, bears, and songbirds as they prepare for colder months [1][4]. These shrubs thrive in acidic, well-drained soils and prefer partially shaded areas, making them a natural fit for forest-like settings [2][4].
| Season | Wildlife Activity | Supporting Species |
|---|---|---|
| Late Summer | Berry production peaks | Grouse, turkeys, bears |
| Early Fall | Foraging intensifies | Small mammals, songbirds |
| Winter | Dormant period | Provides shelter |
| Spring | New growth emerges | Attracts pollinators |
In addition to being a food source, huckleberries also serve as shelter. Their dense growth provides cover and nesting spots for birds, enhancing the layered structure of the ecosystem [2][4]. To maximize their benefits for wildlife, plant these shrubs in clusters, mimicking their natural forest arrangement [1][7].
Pairing huckleberries with other native plants creates a rich habitat that supports wildlife year-round. Their position in the understory offers safe feeding zones while helping maintain ecological balance [1][2].
While huckleberries shine during summer with their fruit, plants like sumac extend food availability into fall and winter, ensuring wildlife has resources across seasons.
10. Sumac (Rhus spp.)
Sumac plays a crucial role in supporting wildlife, especially during the harsh winter months. Its dense clusters of berries last through the season, providing a reliable food source for birds and small mammals when other options are limited [1][2].
| Season | Wildlife Benefits | Key Species Supported |
|---|---|---|
| Fall | Peak berry production | Birds, small mammals |
| Winter | Long-lasting berries | Songbirds, game birds |
| Spring | New leaf growth | Insects, browsers |
| Summer | Shade and shelter | Nesting birds, small mammals |
As a pioneer species, sumac is quick to establish in disturbed areas, offering food, shelter, and nesting sites for wildlife. Its dense growth provides excellent cover for birds and small mammals, while its deep roots help prevent soil erosion [2][4].
Sumac adapts well to various soil types, making it a great addition to wildlife gardens. Planting sumac in small groups encourages natural thickets, which create ideal feeding and sheltering zones for animals [1][3].
When paired with summer-fruiting plants like huckleberries, sumac ensures food availability well into winter. Its ability to sustain wildlife during the coldest months makes it a valuable choice for creating supportive habitats [1][2].
How to Add These Plants to Your Landscape
Designing a wildlife-friendly landscape begins with understanding your property's soil, drainage, and sunlight. This helps you select plants that will thrive in your specific conditions. For example, you might opt for sun-loving oaks or shade-preferring huckleberries, depending on your site.
| Site Condition | Wildlife Attracted |
|---|---|
| Full Sun, Well-drained | Birds, Mammals, Insects |
| Partial Shade, Moist | Songbirds, Pollinators |
| Shaded Areas | Small Mammals, Ground Birds |
| Wet Areas | Waterfowl, Foraging Animals |
Creating a layered habitat is key. Use tall trees like oaks and pines as main features, add understory trees like serviceberry and persimmon, and include shrubs such as huckleberry and sumac. This layered approach supports different species throughout the year [4].
Here are some tips to get started:
- Plant in clusters: Grouping plants together provides better food and shelter for wildlife.
- Use diverse species: Aim for at least three different plant types to ensure year-round resources.
- Plan for growth: Space plants to accommodate their full size, especially larger trees.
Working with local experts can make the process smoother. Thrive Lot, for example, offers ecological landscaping services tailored to your area's needs, helping you create a thriving habitat.
Steps to Implement
- Assess Your Site: Work with professionals to evaluate soil, drainage, and existing vegetation for the best plant placement.
- Install in Phases: Start with larger trees to establish the foundation, then add understory trees and shrubs over time.
- Plan for Maintenance: Regular care is essential, including watering young plants, pruning, and keeping an eye on wildlife activity.
Benefits of Planting for Wildlife
Using native plants to create wildlife-friendly spaces offers a range of ecological advantages that go well beyond your backyard. Plants like oak trees and serviceberry, which have developed alongside local wildlife, can support up to 70% more biodiversity compared to non-native species [2].
| Benefit Category | Impact on Wildlife | Environmental Value |
|---|---|---|
| Food Sources | Provides nuts, berries, nectar | Supports wildlife throughout the year |
| Habitat Support | Offers shelter, nesting sites | Helps maintain a variety of species |
| Ecosystem Function | Sustains food web interactions | Encourages ecological balance |
| Resource Efficiency | Needs less water, minimal upkeep | Lowers environmental footprint |
Native plants contribute to ecosystems in several key ways:
Pollinator Support
Native flowering plants are essential for pollinators like bees and butterflies. They provide the nectar and pollen these species need to survive and help plants reproduce [2][3].
Soil Health
Deep root systems of native plants help stabilize soil, preventing erosion and improving its structure. This not only benefits ground-dwelling species but also increases water retention and reduces runoff. Plus, they thrive without the need for chemical fertilizers or pesticides [4].
Wildlife Adaptation
As urbanization and climate change disrupt habitats, native plants offer refuge for displaced wildlife. These plants create ecosystems that can handle stress while continuing to support local species [4].
Water Savings
Native plants are naturally suited to local rainfall patterns, meaning they require less irrigation. This makes them an excellent choice for conserving water while supporting wildlife and maintaining healthy ecosystems [2][4].
For instance, serviceberries provide an early food source for birds, while oaks host insects that feed baby birds in the spring. Adding these plants to your landscape not only helps wildlife thrive but also builds a balanced and efficient ecosystem that benefits both nature and homeowners.
Final Thoughts
Native plants play a crucial role in combating habitat loss and supporting wildlife. The species featured in this guide provide essential resources to maintain biodiversity. For example, research shows that a pair of chickadees may need up to 10,000 caterpillars to raise a single nest - a striking reminder of how native plants sustain food webs [8].
When designing a wildlife-friendly garden, focus on these key elements:
| Factor | How to Apply | Benefits |
|---|---|---|
| Diverse, Native Plants | Choose species from the top 10 list that thrive in your area | Provides food and shelter year-round |
| Layered Planting | Use a mix of trees, shrubs, and ground cover | Creates habitats for various species |
| Strategic Placement | Match plants to soil, sunlight, and available space | Promotes healthy growth and wildlife support |
From the acorns of oak trees to the berries of serviceberries and sumac, each native plant contributes to wildlife survival throughout the seasons. Beyond ecological benefits, native plants often require less upkeep, making them a practical choice for gardeners.
If you're considering a full landscape transformation, working with professionals can make the process smoother. Thrive Lot specializes in creating native plant landscapes tailored to support wildlife and improve local ecosystems. Their expertise ensures the right plants are chosen and placed for maximum impact.
No matter the size of your property, every effort counts. As urban expansion continues to strain natural habitats, well-planned gardens provide essential support for local wildlife. The plants highlighted in this guide offer a meaningful way to strengthen ecosystems and protect the species that depend on them [4][8].
FAQs
What plant attracts animals?
Native plants are excellent for attracting wildlife because they provide food and shelter suited to local species throughout the year. Here are a few examples:
| Plant Type | Wildlife Attracted | Food Source |
|---|---|---|
| Milkweed | Monarch butterflies, insects, birds | Nectar |
| Buttonbush | Bees, butterflies, small mammals | Nectar |
| Snowberry | Birds, small mammals | Berries |
| Hazelnut | Birds, squirrels, deer | Nuts |
Research from Michigan State University shows that native plants support local wildlife better than non-native species [5]. To create a thriving habitat, choose plants that are native to your area, provide diverse food options, and meet wildlife needs throughout the seasons [2][3][4].
Some top picks, like serviceberry and sumac, are great examples of plants that attract wildlife. Services such as Thrive Lot can help design landscapes that balance wildlife support with aesthetic appeal.
For example, pagoda dogwood does well in well-drained soils, while buttonbush is a great choice for gardens focused on water conservation [3]. Regular maintenance, including watering, pruning, and monitoring plant health, will help these native species thrive and continue to support local wildlife.
